Arduino vs. embedded C - AVR reversing

As I was teaching some embedded C basics, I was asked what are some benefits of embedded C over the classic Arduino language for an Arduino-based board. This article tries to see what we can do by reversing a really simple program compiled with both methods for the Arduino Uno. Prerequisites arduino-cli: Command Line Interface for Arduino. You will need to install the AVR toolchain as well: arduino-cli core install arduino:avr AVR cross compiler: sudo apt install gcc-avr Optional: an Arduino simulator such as SimulIDE Sample program We want to create the most simple program which goal is to light on the built-in LED, located at port 13 (or PORT PB5) on the Arduino Uno.